Diabetes is an endocrine metabolic disease mainly caused by insufficient insulin secretion leading to elevated blood sugar. The prevalence of diabetes among adults in my country is 12.8%, and 1 in every 8 people has diabetes. Young people may think that diabetes is a disease only suffered by the elderly and is far away from them. In fact, it is frighteningly close. Many children are even "sugar people".
The proportion of adults with prediabetes is 35.2%, and one in every three people has prediabetes. Diabetes is like a Pandora's box, with more than 100 complications, which may lead to serious consequences such as blindness, foot disability, and kidney failure.
8 typical symptoms of diabetes
1. Oral problems
In the early stages of diabetes, patients may have some physical symptoms, such as discomfort in the mouth. Common oral problems caused by diabetes include loose teeth and falling teeth, periodontitis, gingivitis, etc. If discomfort occurs, Because it is caused by oral disease, it is considered to be an early symptom of diabetes.
2. Paralysis of limbs
If you find yourself experiencing numbness or labor pain in your hands and legs, you need to pay special attention. These may be caused by diabetes, and they are all early symptoms of diabetes. In addition, there are some things that everyone should pay attention to, which are the early symptoms of some diabetic patients, mainly nighttime calf cramps.
3. Often hungry
Hunger can be said to be a major feature of the early symptoms of diabetes, and this symptom is likely to always accompany diabetic patients. If a normal person suddenly shows a sudden increase in appetite and likes sweets very much, then special attention needs to be paid at this time. It may be that the body is experiencing symptoms caused by diabetes.
4. Weight loss
When you don’t exercise, take weight loss pills, or do anything else, you suddenly lose weight. Don't be overjoyed, as this may be an early symptom of diabetes. Because in the early stages of diabetes, the glucose in the blood cannot be fully utilized, causing patients with early stage diabetes to suddenly lose weight.
5. Dry mouth and tongue
Thirst is a typical early symptom of diabetes. Generally speaking, people who don’t drink much water at ordinary times, but now suddenly can’t leave their hands with a glass of water, they should be careful. It may be the early symptoms of diabetes.
6. Constipation and diarrhea
One characteristic of the early symptoms of diabetes is that diarrhea is followed by constipation, constipation is followed by diarrhea again, and the cycle repeats. If diarrhea and constipation occur alternately, it may be an early symptom of diabetes, and it is best to go to the hospital for diagnosis in time.
Causes of out-of-control blood sugar in diabetes
You know, it’s not just medications that affect blood sugar, there are many other reasons.
01 Improper diet
Long-term overeating will cause the pancreatic islet B cells that secrete insulin in the human body to be overburdened and relatively fatigued for a long time, causing insulin secretion dysfunction. Especially people with genetic susceptibility to diabetes can easily induce diabetes.
In addition, long-term overeating is more likely to cause excessive accumulation of insulin in the body for people with insulin resistance factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, etc., resulting in hyperinsulinemia.
You should also pay attention to the type of diet. When you eat foods with a large amount of carbohydrates and high glycemic index (click to view: glycemic index of 312 common foods), such as bread, potatoes, vermicelli, vermicelli, and gruel, your blood sugar will rise quickly. Drinking alcohol temporarily lowers blood sugar, and then increases significantly.
In fact, dietary adjustment is the basis for the treatment of diabetic patients. The daily diet of diabetic patients must follow the principle of "controlling the total amount and balancing nutrition." Like drug treatment, dietary control of diabetic patients needs to be adhered to throughout their lives.
02 Poor sleep
People who don’t sleep well or get too little sleep are more likely to develop diabetes. A study published in the American Journal of Pediatrics shows that adolescents who sleep less than 8 hours at night may lead to upper abdominal fat accumulation and decreased insulin sensitivity, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Researchers believe that there may be a potential correlation between sleep deprivation and metabolic disorders. A long-term reduction of 2 hours of sleep per day can lead to decreased insulin sensitivity. Another study shows that people who sleep for a long time are more likely to develop diabetes than those who sleep normally.
Making appropriate preparations before going to bed can effectively improve sleep quality
Here are a few suggestions:
03Fruits are used as rice and drinks are used as water
When the weather is hot, even if delicious meals are placed in front of them, it is not easy to arouse appetite. Some people eat fruits and drinks as their main food, often eating a lot of fruits such as watermelon and peaches to cope with a meal.
Among all kinds of fruit drinks, a large number of fruits and drinks have high sugar content. People with diabetes develop diabetes by drinking drinks.
Furthermore, the non-heme iron in fruits is difficult to be utilized by the human body. Eating fruits for a long time is not only prone to high blood sugar, but also causes insufficient intake of protein and iron, leading to anemia and reduced immune function.
04 Iron excess = 2.3 times the risk of diabetes
Too much iron accumulated in the body can also lead to adult-onset diabetes, so an early blood test may help identify people at risk.
Ferritin is a complex of iron and protein in the blood and is a marker of iron accumulation.
Professor Ma Xianghua from the Endocrinology Department of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital has been paying attention to the impact of iron overload on diabetes a few years ago. They found a total of 35 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and 56 healthy subjects. After measuring a series of their indicators, they specifically tested their insulin levels.
The results showed that people with higher ferritin levels in their bodies had more severe insulin resistance.
05Lack of Vitamin E
The human body lacks vitamin E and is prone to diabetes.
A Finnish research team followed healthy middle-aged men for four years. During the observation period, men with low levels of vitamin E in their bodies were four times more likely to develop diabetes than normal people.
Therefore, in addition to losing weight and increasing physical exercise to reduce the risk of diabetes, increasing vitamin E intake is also an important auxiliary means.
06. Loves watching TV and does little exercise.
People who love watching TV are at higher risk of developing diabetes. Compared with men who watched less than one hour of TV per week, men who watched 2 to 10 hours of TV per week had a 66% higher risk of developing diabetes; men who watched 21 to 40 hours of TV had twice the risk; Those who watched more than 40 hours of TV had an almost double risk.
This study shows that a lifestyle of inactivity such as watching TV for a long time is directly related to the risk of diabetes. It is not that television itself brings the risk of diabetes, but that watching television for longer periods of time generally represents a typical life attitude and habit, that is, consuming too many calories and exercising less.
Stress from work
The British "Daily Mail" reported that a latest study shows that high work pressure will not only make people tired, nervous, and grumpy, but may also increase the prevalence of diabetes by 45% and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, blindness, and amputations. The risk of morbidity will also increase.
The Munich Institute of Epidemiology in Germany conducted a survey on 5,337 people aged 29 to 66 who were under high work stress. Data from the 12-year study showed that about 300 previously healthy participants developed type 2 diabetes.
Professor Karl Heinz, who participated in the study, said that high work pressure refers to high work requirements, heavy workload, and almost no control. Excessive work pressure will lead to an increase in stress hormone levels in the body, which will disrupt the body's glucose and lipid metabolism and cause blood sugar to rise.
08Emotional and psychological problems
Depression, irritability, tension, anger, panic, melancholy, etc. can all affect blood sugar. Long-term poor blood sugar control can affect the mood of diabetic patients, causing them to lose confidence in treatment and easily have thoughts of not cooperating with treatment, which further affects blood sugar control. If such a vicious cycle continues, it is really not conducive to the treatment of diabetes.
People with poor blood sugar control should seek help from a doctor to analyze the reasons for poor blood sugar control and find solutions. Only when blood sugar control improves can mental status improve. The two both restrict and promote each other.
09Other diseases
Blood sugar is difficult to control during fever, infection, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, trauma, and surgery.
There are many other causes of elevated blood sugar
But it’s not hard to find if you search carefully
Found the reason that affects blood sugar
You can also find ways to control blood sugar
Take measures against specific causes
Remove adverse effects
Can help control blood sugar
What should people with diabetes do?
1. Drink a glass of milk a day
Diabetics are prone to calcium deficiency, so they should supplement calcium appropriately. It is appropriate to drink a glass of milk every day. You can drink milk or yogurt, which can supplement the body with calcium and protein. , can help repair cells and regenerate well, and can promote the health of patients' bones. If diabetics are obese, they should choose skim milk.
2. You can eat beans every day
People with diabetes should often eat legumes, such as soybeans, black beans, kidney beans, lentils, red beans and mung beans. They can also eat an appropriate amount of tofu, dried tofu, shredded beans, tofu and other soy products. Food is rich in dietary fiber and high-quality protein. After eating, it can produce a sufficient feeling of fullness. Moreover, the speed of digestion and absorption is relatively slow, which will not cause rapid rise in blood sugar. Regular consumption of soy products can supplement protein for the body. It can enhance physical fitness and keep blood sugar within the ideal range.
3. Eat whole grain foods often
Whole grain foods refer to foods that do not require fine processing or grinding and crushing, but still retain some of the natural nutrients such as germ and endosperm of cereal foods. This period is called whole grain foods. Whole grain foods in life There are quite a lot of them, such as black rice, millet, brown rice, oats, buckwheat, etc. People with diabetes should have such cereals in their staple food at least once a day, so that they can replenish the body for 30 days. Vitamins and other phytochemicals that are beneficial to health can play a good role in controlling blood sugar.
4. Five-color vegetables and fruits
The diet of diabetic patients should ensure that they include five-colored vegetables and fruits every day, especially dark-colored vegetables, which can reduce blood pressure, fat, and sugar. They can often eat cabbage, carrots, eggplants, broccoli, and lettuce. Vegetables, you can also eat some oranges, grapefruits, blueberries, kiwis and other fruits in moderation. These foods do not contain very high carbohydrates and are good for blood sugar control.
5. Eat fish, meat, poultry and eggs frequently
Fish food is rich in protein, and the quality of the protein is relatively high. People with diabetes should eat this type of food frequently, but they should steam or boil it to reduce oil and salt. They can eat fish once or twice a week. , you can also eat some beef, mutton and lean meat in moderation, but you can’t eat too much to avoid causing blood sugar fluctuations.
6. Treatment of diabetes drugs
Drug therapy is a well-known treatment method, including oral drugs and injectable drugs. If blood sugar cannot be controlled by diet and exercise alone, the doctor will choose one or two or more treatment methods according to the condition. People with diabetes need to follow the doctor's instructions, take medications in a timely manner, and have regular check-ups.
The treatment of diabetes is comprehensive treatment. The risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes increases by 2 to 4 times. Comprehensive intervention on multiple risk factors such as overweight/obesity, blood pressure, blood lipids, smoking, and proteinuria can significantly reduce cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Risk of morbidity and mortality.
