Blood glucose testing is of great significance for determining the body's glucose metabolism and diagnosing diseases related to glucose metabolism disorders. Commonly used blood glucose testing indicators during physical examination include fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, etc. Fasting blood glucose refers to the glucose content in the blood when fasting between 6 and 7 o'clock in the morning. It is currently the most commonly used test item in clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
We often see people drawing blood on an empty stomach after 8 o'clock, but we don't know that the blood sugar at this time has lost the meaning of blood sugar before breakfast. Usually, the normal range of fasting blood glucose (glucose oxidase method) is 3.9 to 6.1mmol/L. A fasting blood sugar of 6.1 mmol/L indicates an elevated fasting blood sugar; if you have symptoms of diabetes and are found to have a fasting blood sugar >7.0 mmol/L, or a glucose tolerance test with a peak blood sugar >11.1 mmol/L, and a 2-hour postprandial blood sugar >11.1 mmol/L , or with symptoms of diabetes, random blood sugar >11.1 mmol/L, and accompanied by positive urine glucose, diabetes can be diagnosed. High blood sugar is not necessarily diabetes. Since fasting blood sugar determines blood sugar levels throughout the day, it is important to pay attention to changes in fasting blood sugar when controlling diabetes.
Although diabetes manifests itself as elevated blood sugar, not all elevated blood sugar is diabetes. Suffering from liver diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, under certain stress conditions, when hungry, and in patients with chronic diseases, taking some drugs that affect glucose metabolism such as oral contraceptives, aspirin, etc., as well as some endocrine diseases, these factors may cause If these factors are removed, blood sugar can return to normal.
Therefore, when a physical examination reveals an increase in blood sugar, the above-mentioned factors that cause the increase in blood sugar must be eliminated. Only after a doctor diagnoses diabetes, can targeted oral administration of some anti-diabetic drugs be given. Postprandial blood sugar is affected by many factors. As the name suggests, postprandial blood sugar refers to the glucose concentration after a meal. In medicine, blood sugar is usually measured 2 hours after a meal. After a person eats, blood sugar gradually rises. The peak time of post-meal blood sugar is about 2 hours after a meal. However, the peak value of post-meal blood sugar is affected by the time of eating, the amount and composition of the meal.
Postprandial blood sugar can reflect the secretion of insulin and the body's sensitivity to insulin to a certain extent. For patients with type 2 diabetes, due to impaired insulin secretion, the postprandial insulin peak is relatively delayed and is affected by insulin resistance. Although the blood glucose level measured 2 hours after a meal is close to the highest value, it is still not accurate. Reflects the postprandial blood sugar peak.
Therefore, postprandial blood glucose is not used as a primary diagnostic indicator clinically. Glycated hemoglobin is checked every six months. Glycated hemoglobin reflects the body's average blood sugar level over 1 to 2 months. The detection of fasting or postprandial blood glucose is affected by many factors, such as mood, amount of food eaten, etc., while glycated hemoglobin is less affected by the above factors. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) should be checked once every quarter to six months. Diabetic patients are best controlled below 6.5%. If it exceeds 7%, the risk of complications will increase.
