When blood sugar is unstable, you always want to add medicine or change it, but ignore other factors that cause blood sugar to rise and fall. To control blood sugar well, diabetics must have the following basic qualities!
1. Mastering diabetes knowledge is key
Diabetes diagnostic criteria:
1). Diabetes symptoms (polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss) plus random blood sugar ≥11.1mmol/L (200mg/dl)
2). Fasting blood glucose ≥7.0mmol/L (126mg/dl)
3). Blood glucose ≥11.lmmol/L (200mg/dl) 2 hours after glucose load.
Q: What are the symptoms of diabetes?
A: Typical symptoms: "three more and one less", namely polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and weight loss. Common risk factors include: family history, obesity, age older than 40 years, high blood pressure, sedentary lifestyle, etc.
2. Learning to self-monitor blood sugar is a necessary condition for blood sugar control!
Self-blood glucose monitoring is a blood glucose test carried out by diabetic patients at home to understand the control level and fluctuation of blood sugar. Capillary blood glucose testing using a portable blood glucose meter is the most commonly used method.
Self-glucose monitoring time points:
Pre-meal blood glucose monitoring is suitable for patients who inject basal, mealtime or premixed insulin. People with very high blood sugar levels or who are at risk of hypoglycemia should also monitor pre-meal blood sugar;
Postprandial blood glucose monitoring is suitable for patients who inject mealtime insulin and adopt diet and exercise control. Those who have controlled pre-meal and fasting blood sugar to meet the standards should monitor post-meal blood sugar;
Patients who inject insulin, especially those who inject insulin before dinner, should monitor their blood sugar before going to bed to see if there is nocturnal hypoglycemia or unexplained fasting hyperglycemia. Nighttime blood sugar should be monitored;
Blood sugar should be monitored promptly when symptoms of hypoglycemia occur or hypoglycemia is suspected, and blood sugar should be monitored before and after strenuous exercise;
Self-glucose monitoring frequency:
Depends on the condition, goals of treatment, and treatment plan. Patients who use oral hypoglycemic drugs and/or lifestyle intervention can monitor fasting or postprandial blood sugar 2 to 4 times a week. Patients who use insulin treatment can conduct corresponding blood sugar monitoring according to the insulin treatment plan; blood sugar control is very poor or the condition is critical. Patients should monitor their blood sugar 4 to 7 times a day until their blood sugar is under control.
Measuring finger blood with a blood glucose meter can provide the blood sugar level at a certain point in time. It can help you adjust your diet, understand whether drug treatment is appropriate, determine whether hypoglycemia occurs during exercise, etc. Your doctor will determine the time and frequency of blood glucose testing based on your type of diabetes and treatment plan. You must record all test results so that your doctor can better adjust your treatment plan based on the records.
Strict blood sugar control isn't safe for everyone, so you should ask your doctor to set individual goals for you. If you notice higher A1C levels or higher blood sugar levels at certain times, ask your doctor to adjust your treatment plan.
3. Adhere to the principles of scientific diet: miscellaneous, light, vegetarian and simple.
Miscellaneous: The richer the types of foods you eat daily, the better it is to control and stabilize blood sugar. It is best to keep it at more than 15 kinds a day.
Light: Eat lightly, cook mainly with boiling and steaming, and basically meet the requirements for salt and oil in the dietary guidelines for residents.
Vegetarian diet: Eat mainly vegetables, especially vegetables rich in dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. Eat less starch-rich root vegetables such as yams, lotus roots, and potatoes.
Jane: The simpler the processing and preparation, the more nutritious it is and the better it is for controlling sugar. For example, whole grains, vegetable salads, and steamed fish are all good choices.
The most important thing is to keep the total amount of food you eat every day constant. Strictly observe three meals a day and eat at regular intervals.
4. People with diabetes can develop an effective exercise plan to control blood sugar and get twice the result with half the effort!
On the basis of good diet control, regular and sustained exercise must be combined. Exercise must reach a certain intensity to be effective. Optimal exercise intensity setting = (220-age) × (50~60)%. This exercise standard is approximately equivalent to 40%~50% of the maximum oxygen uptake. Diabetic patients who usually have exercise habits can increase it appropriately when formulating a plan. . If you are 60 years or older, your heart rate should not exceed 112 beats/minute.
Follow the principle of gradual progression and increase the intensity of exercise from low to high, allowing the body to gradually adapt. Exercise for obese diabetic patients should also start with low-intensity exercise and gradually increase as the body's adaptability improves. Such an exercise plan is more conducive to the utilization and consumption of body fat.
5. See a doctor regularly and take medication under the guidance of a professional endocrinologist
People with diabetes must not control blood sugar by themselves or by hearsay, as this will only delay the condition and miss the best opportunity for treatment! Be sure to find a professional doctor. A doctor specializing in endocrinology can choose a suitable hypoglycemic drug for you based on your diabetes condition and other existing health problems. Currently, there are nine major categories of hypoglycemic drugs in China. Their taking time and frequency There are different precautions and precautions, and your doctor will guide you to use these drugs safely and effectively.
Diabetics should do the following before seeing a professional doctor:
1. Diabetes is a lifelong disease that requires lifelong follow-up, and medication cannot be stopped without permission when blood sugar drops.
2. Before seeing a doctor, you need to prepare to self-test your blood sugar and record it.
3. When seeing a doctor, first report your recent blood sugar, recent discomfort or any questions to the doctor.
4. The doctor makes adjustments according to the blood sugar situation and answers various questions of the patient.
5. According to the specific condition, guide the patient when to see a doctor next time, when to have a review, etc.
6. Without the above information, doctors cannot judge the patient's condition and make adjustments to the plan.
7. After a visit, continue to monitor blood sugar, follow up regularly, and repeat.
8. The whole process is like a student’s study: write homework, submit homework, correct it, then write homework, submit homework, and correct it.
6. People with diabetes should also learn to see a nutritionist
In China, people with diabetes think of a doctor as soon as they get sick, and very few people see a nutritionist. In fact, this is also because there are few clinical nutritionists in China. This is also unfair to most people with diabetes, and it also increases the workload of doctors. Many people Only doctors can tell you about nutrition, but there are too many doctors and patients who only have a partial understanding of it, or only say eat less and move more! In fact, everyone must see a nutritionist. Most tertiary hospitals have clinical nutritionists. Go and see the nutrition clinic, you will definitely gain a lot! Especially newly diagnosed diabetic patients need help not only from doctors but also from nutritionists. Diabetic patients need to limit energy intake every day to maintain blood sugar stability. But restricting energy intake does not mean not eating or eating less. Strictly restricting diet may lead to unstable blood sugar and malnutrition. Moreover, the glycemic index of different foods is different, so you can choose Foods with a low glycemic index will keep you from going hungry while keeping your blood sugar under control.
People with diabetes must seek help from professional nutritionists when it comes to their diet. They will develop an appropriate diet plan based on your dietary characteristics and hobbies. This will not only allow you to eat less, but also allow you to eat nutritious and healthy foods that are conducive to blood sugar control. .
7. Adjust a good mentality and ensure adequate and high-quality sleep
Long-term insomnia is probably just an inducement. It is generally believed that in a state of severe insomnia, the body's stress system is activated, the sympathetic nerve excitability is enhanced, the secretion of "glycemic hormones" such as cortisol and epinephrine in the body is increased, and insulin resistance is aggravated. This causes sugar metabolism disorders and induces diabetes. Therefore, good sleep is as important to patients with type 2 diabetes as proper diet and exercise, or even more important.
1. Keep a regular schedule, get up and go to bed at the same time every day, including weekends.
2. Make sure the sleeping environment is quiet, dark and comfortable.
3. Avoid caffeine, tobacco and alcohol within 4 hours before going to bed.
4. Fix the routine before going to bed and engage in relatively quiet activities, such as reading, listening to relaxing music, or taking a hot bath 15 minutes before going to bed.
5. Sleep with your heart first and then your eyes. Half an hour before going to bed, you should keep your mood stable, your mind quiet, and get rid of all distracting thoughts.
In fact, adjusting blood sugar must be based on stabilizing medications and then adjusting other variable factors. Such as diet, exercise, sleep, and blood sugar monitoring! As long as you fully understand these factors, blood sugar control will be very easy!
