Fasting blood sugar: refers to the blood sugar measured before breakfast the next day after fasting for 8-12 hours overnight (usually no later than 8 a.m.). Blood sugar before lunch and dinner are not fasting blood sugar. Monitoring fasting blood sugar can eliminate relevant influencing factors and most truly reflect blood sugar control. It can also test the efficacy of drugs, which is especially helpful in detecting hypoglycemia. Normal fasting blood sugar should be ≤6.1mmol/L; if fasting blood sugar is between 6.1-7.2mmol/L, blood sugar control needs to be strengthened; if fasting blood sugar exceeds 7.2mmol/L, blood sugar control is poor and needs to be adjusted urgently. Blood sugar at 3 a.m.: Monitoring blood sugar at 3 a.m. when necessary can help identify the cause of early morning fasting hyperglycemia. Whether it is caused by the "dawn phenomenon" caused by insufficient anti-diabetic drugs or insulin, or whether it is caused by excessive hypoglycemic drugs leading to nighttime hypoglycemia. "Hematoxylin phenomenon", the two phenomena are treated completely differently.
Pre-meal blood sugar: refers to blood sugar before lunch and dinner. Premeal blood glucose can guide patients to adjust the total amount of food they will eat and the amount of insulin (or oral medication) they will inject before the meal. For normal people, the difference between blood sugar 2 hours after a meal and blood sugar before a meal should be less than 2.8mmol/L. 2-hour post-meal blood sugar: refers to the blood sugar value measured from the time of taking the first bite of meal and blood collection on time 2 hours later. For most patients with type 2 diabetes, blood sugar two hours after a meal is sometimes more important than fasting blood sugar, because these patients may not have high fasting blood sugar, but their insulin secretion function has been damaged and they respond poorly to high sugar stimulation. , and postprandial hyperglycemia occurs. According to the 2007 IDF guideline on postprandial blood sugar control: blood sugar 2 hours after a meal is an independent predictor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. A blood sugar level of 7.8mmol/L 2 hours after a meal will significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is currently the most effective and practical tool for monitoring postprandial blood sugar. It can also monitor the effect of therapeutic drugs to control postprandial blood sugar.
